[Effect of the family-centered empowerment model on quality of life and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes referring to the Ali Asghar's clinic in Zahedan , 2016]

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common of chronic metabolic disturbances in the adolescent period. This disease is often considered as a family disease because its management needs and support of family members, considering the nature of diabetes and the need for self-care in patients, the family-centered empowerment model of with emphasis on the effective role of the individual and family members in three-dimensions of prevocational, psychological and properties of the problem can be a suitable frame for instructional intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of the empowerment model of family-centered intervention on the quality of life and self-efficacy of adolescents with diabetes

Materials and Methods: This is quasi-experimental study of 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, have divided randomly in two groups [n=50 each] of intervention and controls. Family-centered empoverment model intervention with four dimensions of perceived threat, self-efficacy, instructional partnership and evaluation was done in 5 sessions in the intervention group. Data of the patient's demographic profile, questionnaire of standard scale self-efficacy in the management of diabetes and the quality of life of questionnaire for adolescents with diabetes were collected before, after immediately, and 1.5 months and 3 months after of intervention. For analysis of data, we used SPSS software version 21 and statistical test, K-square, paired and independent T and analysis of variance of duplicate sizes

Results: Results showed that after implementation of empowerment pattern of family-centered increased mean of the self-efficacy scores and quality of life at 1.5 months and 3 months after intervention in the intervention group a difference that was meaningful in terms of statistical significance [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Study results showed that diabetes education with the patient empowerment approach which performed at the family level can improve patients selfefficacy and increase quality of life adolescences with diabetes, and can be implemented by nurses to assist the family and patient in medical care

[The effect of audio-visual distraction by music on hemodynamic parameters in patient undergoing bronchoscopy]

Background and Aim: bronchoscopy is a stressful procedure. Increased anxiety raises oxygen demand during bronchoscopy and affects cardiac output and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of distraction by audiovisual folk music on hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing bronchoscopy

Materials and Methods: this randomized clinical trial was performed in Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan. We used convenience sampling method for three-month from July to September 2015 and sixty patients who had been scheduled for bronchoscopy were randomly divided into control [n= 30] and experimental [n = 30] groups. Demographic information forms and hemodynamic parameters record chart were used for data collection. During bronchoscopy, every patient listened to an audiovisual folk music which had been selected by himself. The control group received routine care. Using SPSS software version 21, data were analyzed by chi-square [X[2]], independent t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance

Results: the results showed that two groups had statistically significant difference in relation to hemodynamic parameters during and after intervention [p=0.0001]. The pattern of decline was not similar in both groups. Distraction by audiovisual folk music led to decreased heart rate and blood pressure, and also increased oxygen saturation in the experimental group

Conclusion: audiovisual folk music selected by every patient, during bronchoscopy resulted in the improvement of the hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, use of this method is recommended during invasive diagnostic and treatment procedure especially bronchoscopy

[Early maladaptive schemas and psychological health among women's seeking cosmetic surgery]

Introduction: Identifying the psychological factors is a major contributor in the management of applicants of cosmetic surgery. This study was conducted to investigate the early maladaptive schemas and general health among people seeking cosmetic surgery

Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical and comparative study. The population of this study was the combination of patients referring to beauty clinic and some people in Isfahan City. Participants included two groups of 60 [120 individuals] who were applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants which selected through convenience sampling method. In this study data collection was made through using maladaptive schemas questionnaire [SF-YSQ] and general health [GHQ-28]. Data analysis was carried out through using SPSS 18, descriptive statistics and MANOVA test

Results: There was a significant difference between applicant and non-applicant of cosmetic surgery concerning the early maladaptive schemas [P=0.02, F=3.34]. Results of MANOVA test showed the difference between the two groups in terms of schemas disconnection/rejection [P=0.002, F=12.19], autonomy [P=0.001, F=15.14], impaired limits [P=0.016, F=6.55] and other-directedness [P=0.003, F=10.79], but there is no significant difference between the two groups of ear ringing. Also, there are significant differences between applicant and non-applicant groups in terms of public health [P=0.04, F=5.05]. The two groups had significant difference in terms of Physical status [P=0.033, F=5.03], depression [P=0.001, F=14.92] and anxiety [P=0.009, F=8.01], but the difference of social performance was not statistically significant

Conclusion: Based on the identification of early maladaptive schemas and general health problems of women applicants of cosmetic surgery in current study, providing psychological treatment especially schema therapy before surgery is recommended

[Safety and efficacy of processed citrullus colocynthis L. fruit in treatment of hyperlipidemic type two diabetic patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial]

Due to high prevalence of diabetes with hyperlipidemia and associated high risk of cardiovascular disease, much interest exists for safe medications including medicinal plants. Considering traditional use of Citrullus colocynthis L. [C. colocynthis] for treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia despite toxicity, clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of the processed C. colocynthis fruit is necessary. In this clinical trial the safety and efficacy of the processed C. colocynthis fruit in hyperlipidemic type II diabetic patients were evaluated. 60 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients were randomly allocated to C. colocynthis and placebo groups, but only 28 patients in each group completed the study. The patients in C. colocynthis and placebo groups were treated with processed C. colocynthis [100 mg] and placebo capsules [100 mg] three times a day respectively for 1 month. The fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels as primary outcome and aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and creatinine levels as secondary outcome were measured in both groups at the baseline and the endpoint. In the C. colocynthis group fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly reduced at the endpoint compared with the baseline. There were no significant changes in any blood parameters in C. colocynthis group compared with placebo at the endpoint. There were no gastrointestinal, liver and kidney function adverse effects during the study in both groups. The results suggest that processed C. colocynthis fruit extract may be a safe anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic agent in hyperlipidemic type II diabetic patients

[ effect of supportive nursing care in reducing anxiety of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy]

Background: Due to the high prevalence of mental disorders and the effectiveness of ECT, this treatment has been regarded as a useful and effective therapeutic measure. But patients have usually severe anxiety that can affect their mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supportive nursing care in reducing anxiety of patients receiving ECT

Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in a Baharan Psychiatric Hospital of Zahedan. A total of 70 cases of patients who received ECT were randomly allocated to control [n = 35] and intervention [n = 35] groups. The data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, Spielberg State and Trait anxiety inventory [STAI] questionnaire. For the Intervention group the supportive nursing care was delivered by trained nurses on the intellectual, emotional, physical domains. The control group received only routine intervention. The anxiety level was measured and compared pre and post intervention] End sessions ECT] for two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test and covariance

Results: Results showed that both groups were homogeneous on the socio-demographic differences. The mean state and trait anxiety in the intervention group compared with the control group was significantly reduced [P

Conclusions: The Results confirmed supportive nursing care in reducing state, trait, and all anxiety of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. It is recommended to use this method for reducing anxiety in patients receiving ECT

[ effectiveness assertiveness skills training on students' mental health-related factors]

Introduction: Assertiveness skills provides strategies for handling conflict, communicating assertively and developing relationships that can be applied both at work and in your personal life. The aim of this study was to study the effects of assertiveness training skills on the assertive and self-esteem male students of secondary schools

Method: This study was experimental study before and after control group test. The participants of this research were selected form 30 students in secondary school in Khoramabad city 2012-2013. Data gathering was used via Cooper Smith Self Esteem Inventory [CSEI] and Assertiveness Self Report Inventory [ASRI]. The experimental group was given 8 sessions' weekly education assertiveness training skills. The control group did not receive intervention. In order to, explore the effects of assertiveness training skills on assertiveness and self-esteem among participants. For analyses the data were tested by t-test and covariate [ANCOVA]

Results: The results from ANCOVA Test revealed that assertiveness training group therapy increases self-esteem and the assertiveness training skills in experimental group. [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The educational assertiveness training and other social skills training are recommend in all students group to prevent mental disorder and help promote students mental health in youth community

[Burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff ofmedicine emergency]

Introduction: Stressful and unpredictable conditions in the pre-hospital emergency medical staff by imposing additional psychological pressure can affect and cause serious consequences in the long run. The aim of this study was to determine the burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff of medicine emergency.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 114 operational staff of medicine emergency in Shahroud city. They were selected through convenient sampling method. The instruments used were included personal and professional information form and "Maslach Burnout Questionnaire". Content validity and test- retest reliability were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16.

Findings: Most staff had a moderate level of burnout in terms of reps [53.78%] and severity [43.82%] Burnout [in all dimensions] was the most of the personnel at the moderate level. There was a significant correlation between burnout and age [P<0.001], work experience [P=0.02] and working hours [P<0.001] but no significant correlation between marital status [P=0.18] and educational level [P=0.09].

Conclusion: Burnout among emergency medicine personnel was moderate level. Also it was noted that burnout increases as age and work experience of personnel rises. Education in order to decrease the impact of burnout condition further precaution is suggested.

[Studying the psychometric properties of marital attitude scale]

Attitude toward marriage is one of the key mechanisms in anticipating real behavior in marriage and its assessment needs a valid instrument. The aim of this research was to investigate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of Persian version of Marital Attitude Scale [MAS, Brateen and Rosen, 1998]. In this descriptive-scaling research, the study population of this research was the B.A students studying at Isfahan University. The sample was 137 university students [including 51 males and 86 females] selected by stratified sampling. Marital Attitude Scale [MAS] and Marriage Expectation Scale [MES] were the instruments for collecting the data. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA and Pearson correlation. The results showed that MAS has high and suitable reliability and validity for assessing university students' attitude toward marriage. The results of factor analysis revealed that MAS is a multidimentional instrument. Attitude toward marriage can be divided into two distinct and yet interrelated factors, attitude toward their marriage and general attitude toward marriage. The general attitude toward marriage includes pessimistic, optimistic and idealistic attitude. Furthermore, comparing the attitude of boys and girls, as a lateral finding, showed girls' attitude toward their marriage and general attitude toward marriage is more negative than boys, and girls have more pessimistic attitude toward marriage. In general, the marital attitude Scale is a reliable and suitable instrument to assess marital Attitudes

[Comparing quality of marital relationship of spouses of patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction]

Myocardial infarction [MI] is a life threatening event and often reduces the quality of life of patients and their families' particularly close and intimate persons such as spouses. The aim of study was to determine quality of marital relationship of spouses of patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction. This descriptive-comparative study has been done on 162 spouses of patients with myocardial infarction admitted in educational hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences by convenience sampling method and 162 spouses of healthy persons [324 married individuals]. Data were collected by "Perceived Relationship Quality Components [PRQC] questionnaire with approved validity and reliability in Iran. Data was analyzed with SPSS/16. 42% of the samples were male and 58% female, with an overall mean age of 47.89 +/- 5.95, average length of common life 25.32 +/- 7.48. In addition, 56.7% of the respondents had diploma or higher education. The results also illustrated that the mean score of quality of marital relationship on the dimensions of satisfaction, passion and love in patient' spouses with a history of myocardial infarction was 13.37 +/- 5.03, 10.67 +/- 4.56, 19.56 +/- 2.56 respectively and in healthy persons spouses was 18.92 +/- 2.85, 18 +/- 3.14, 20.37 +/- 1.36. U-Mann Whitney test results determine that these differences are statistically significant [P<0.001]. MI disease has a negative impact on the overall quality of marital relationship, especially on the dimensions of satisfaction, passion and love between couples. Hence, the inclusion of family educational programs and couple therapy in heart disease rehabilitation program is important in order to improve the quality of marital relationship and subsequent quality of life patients and their family's needs

[ effect of teaching breast self-examination based on health belief model in teachers in Zahedan]

Health Belief Model is a comprehensive model in helping prevent diseases. According to this method, individuals who get sensitive to breast cancer are more motivated for a regular self-breast examination. Considering the 24% of breast cancer in Iran placing the third leading cause of death in women, the present study was carried out to investigate the impact of teaching two methods of self-examination, based on health belief model, on knowledge, attitude and performance of school teachers in Zahedan. In this quasi -experimental study, the impact of two education methods [lecture and simulation] was investigated on knowledge, attitude [HBM] and performance as pretest and posttest on 100 school teachers in a multi-stage random sampling with inclusion criteria of at least 25 years of age, without a family history of breast cancer, and majoring in fields unrelated to medicine on Zahedan school teachers in 2008-2009'. Data were collected via standardized Champion questionnaire designed based on Health Belief Model and, then, analyzed applying SPSS V.15 and T paired, T students, correlation Pearson and, linear regression tests. Changes of knowledge, attitude [HBM] and performance mean scores obtained by paired T- test was significant in the both groups. However, between the two groups, only the performance mean score of the two groups was significantly different. Perceived severity Structures and self-efficacy showed a direct association with performance, while perceived barriers were inversely associated with performance. The only predictive variable of effective learning based on linear regression was health motivation. The current study confirmed efficacy of health belief model on promotion behavior of self-breast examination. Therefore, this model can eliminate barriers which lower self-efficacy in breast cancer and self-breast examination. It also provides a motivation in learning self-breast examination.

[ effect of oral aloe vera gel on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea]

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic problem in teenage girls and women of reproductive age that has an adverse impact on women's quality of life. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral Aloe vera gel on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea in students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. This study was double - blind clinical trial it was conducted over 80 students who suffered from primary dysmenorrhea. The subjects were matched in terms of dysmenorrhea severity. Then they were randomly divided into 2 groups of 40 subjects each. They were similar in age, menarche, body mass index, and length, and duration of bleeding. The subjects in the intervention group were given a bottle containing 120 cc Aloe vera gels for every cycle, and control group were given a bottle containing 120 cc placebos for every cycle, each. Subjects took one tablespoon of the given medicine every day, starting two days before menstruation until the first 3 days after the onset menstrual cycle for two successive cycles. Drug effects on dysmenorrheal severity were evaluated via verbal multidimensional scoring system. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical testes. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between aloe vera and placebo groups concerning the intensity of pain, number of Analgesics and amount of bleeding [P<0/05], but no significant difference was observed regarding the side effects [P>0/05]. Aloe vera seems to reduce the severity of dysmenorrhea so it can be a replacement to non-steroid anti-inflammatory tablets.

[Nursing student and teachers' viewpoints toward priorities in teachers evaluation]

Recognition of strengths and weaknesses of evaluation content will help the educational manager to provide the possibility of evaluation quality improvement. The aim of this study was to determine the most important priorities of teacher performance evaluation from within students' and faculties' perspective. It was a descriptive cross- sectional study. All of the students [n=245] and faculty members [n=26] of the School of Nursing and Midwifery affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were recruited during the academic year 2008-2009. Data was collected using questionnaire with five subscales including teaching skills, individual characteristics of teachers, communication skills, evaluation skills, and educational principles and rules and analyzed by SPSS-PC [v.13]. The most important priorities from the teachers' and students' perspective were related to the domains of teaching skills, teacher mastery, creating motivation and students' participation respectively. There were significant difference in the mean scores of teachers mastery [p=0.02], students' participation [p=0.01], and presentation of new subjects [p= 0.007] between the two groups. There was also significant difference in the mean scores of teaching skills domains, individual characteristics domain and evaluation skills domain between two groups [p=0.01]. Considering the difference between the teachers' and students' perspective regarding some criteria of teachers evaluation, designing an evaluation tool according to the viewpoints of the two groups is recommended. Teachers' attention to the students' priorities in teachers' evaluation would help to promote teaching quality and students' satisfaction

[Frequency of mental disturbances in hemodialysis patients referred to hemodialysis ward of Khatam- Al- Anbia hospital in Zahedan]

Introduction: Hemodialysis as a treatment in chronic renal failure is a stressful process and has several psycho-cognitive and social complications. The latter can cause mental disorders in such patients

Objective: As a result of high prevalence of psychosis, this investigation was done to determine mental health status in hemodialysis patients and then compare it with normal population group

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional research was carried out on [40 dialysis patients in Khatam hospital of Zahedan and 40 healthy persons who were matched in variables such as age, sex, marital status and education in 2002. In this study, the mental health status of experiment and control group were assessed and compared using the standard questionnaire of general health from consisting of 28 questions by descriptive and analytical statistics

Results: Finding showed that dialysis patients [mean =11/65] have lower mental health state than control or healthy group [mean = 6/20]. The result of T test shows a significant relation between these two group [p<0/001]. Also there are statistical significant relation between mental health status of dialysis patients and dialysis times in a week [p<0/009] and sex [p<0/03]

Conclusion: Considering lower mental health status of dialysis patients in this investigation, It is recommended that the psychological team apply therapeutic interventions by assessing them before and during dialysis period which can be effective in patient adjustment, coping and health promotion

prevalence of iron-defciency anemia in the pregnant women referring to health centers in Zahedan

Nowadays, anemia is one of the most common but forgotten nutritional deficiencies in the world. More than half of pregnant women and one third of non-pregnant women of fertile age are suffering from anemia. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in the pregnant women referring to Health Centers in Zahedan. In this descriptive study, 287 pregnant women who were at the 9th month of pregnancy and referred to 5 Health Centers in Zahedan participated in the study. Data was gathered by a 17-item questionnaire including demographic data and related information on pregnancy. To determine hemoglobin [Hb] and ferritin, a blood sample was taken form the subjects too. In order to examine the relationship among variables, X[2] and correlational tests were used. An alpha level of <0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that 12.9% of the subjects had iron deficiency anemia with Hb values under 10.5 g/dl and 42.2% of them had iron deficiency amenia with ferritin values under 12 mg/L. There was a significant statistical relationship between ferritin levels and iron consumption during pregnancy [p<0.001]. Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this research, that will gives rise to LBW newborns, premature labors, fetal demise, post partum hemorrhage and fetal distress, it is necessary to offer unremitting and subtle care during pregnancy, teach pregnant women on the subject and provide sufficient micro nutrients to them

[Effects of oral clonidine on the hyper dynamic responded after electroconvulsive therapy]

Electroconvulsive therapy [ECT] is an effective treatment of major depression and other psychological disorders especially resistant to medical therapy. ECT has some side effects such as cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension. Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. Therefore, prevention or attenuation of these hyper dynamic responses could decrease or prevent side effects, though some medications have been used for hyper dynamic responses. In this study we assessed oral clonidine [one 0.2 versus drug] as premedication on the hemodynamic responses of ECT. This clinical trial was designed as: randomly, double blind and crossover study in which 37 patients of ASA class I and II were candidates for ECT in Bahm'an hospital of Zahedan, received one of the three regimens of treatment as: placebo,100 and 200flg of clonidine. We of course recorded heart rate [HR] and mean arterial pressure [MAP] before and after ECT. Anaesthetic method was the same for all patients and at the end we could compare the peak measured HR, and MAP with the baseline values. We found that oral clonidine could prevent tachycardia [P<0. 001] and partially prevent hypertension after ECT. However, convulsion time, spontaneous breathing and recovery time was equal for all three groups. Oral clonidine by easing stress and/or painful responses can stabilize hemodynamics status specially HR after ECT. Though, the drug had no significant effect on convulsion and recovery times whatsoever. Therefore, we would put forward usage of oral clonidine as premedication for ECT particularly in patients with decreased cardiac reserve